Bound variable, split antecedent and ellipsis interpretations in L2 Portuguese: implications for L2 acquisition theories (Variável ligada, antecedente cindido e interpretações de elipse em Português como L2:implicações para as teorias de aquisição de L2)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22481/el.v7i2.1098Palavras-chave:
Overt Pronoun Constraint, Inflected Infinitives, L2 acquisition, Adult UG-accessibilityResumo
Recently, in light of minimalist assumptions, some partial UG-accessibility accounts to adult second language acquisition have made a distinction between the post-critical period ability to acquire new features based on their LF-interpretability (i.e. interpretable vs. uninterpretable features) (HAWKINS, 2005; HAWKINS; HATTORI, 2006; TSIMPLI; MASTROPAVLOU, 2007; TSIMPLI; DIMITRAKOPOULOU, 2007). The Interpretability Hypothesis (TSIMPLI; MASTROPAVLOU, 2007; TSIMPLI; DIMITRAKOPOULOU, 2007) claims that only uninterpretable features suffer a post-critical period failure and, therefore, cannot be acquired. Conversely, Full Access approaches claim that L2 learners have full access to UG’s entire inventory of features, and that L1/L2 differences obtain outside the narrow syntax. The phenomenon studied herein, adult acquisition of the Overt Pronoun Constraint (OPC) (MONTALBETTI, 1984) and inflected infinitives in non-native Portuguese, challenges the Interpretability Hypothesis insofar as it makes the wrong predictions for what is observed. The present data demonstrate that advanced learners of L2 Portuguese acquire the OPC and the syntax and semantics of inflected infinitives with native-like accuracy. Since inflected infinitives require the acquisition of new uninterpretable ?-features, the present data provide evidence in contra Tsimpli and colleagues’ Interpretability Hypothesis.
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Referências
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BELLETTI, A., SORACE, A.; BENNATI, E. Theoretical and developmental issues in the syntax of subjects: evidence from near-native Italian. Unpublished manuscript, University of Siena, Italy/University of Edinburgh, UK, 2005.
BOECKX, C.; HORNSTEIN, N. Movement under control. Linguistic Inquiry, v. 35, p. 431-52, 2004.
CHOMSKY, N. Lectures on government and binding. Foris: Dordrecht, 1981.
_____. The minimalist program. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1995.
_____. Minimalist Inquiries: The Framework. In MARTIN, R.; MICHAELS, D.; URIAGEREKA, J. (eds.), Step by step: essays on minimalist syntax in honor of Howard Lasnik. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2000. p. 31-52,
_____. Derivation by Phase. In: KENSTOWICZ, M., (ed.), Ken Hale: a life in language. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2001. p.1-52.
_____. On phases. Unpublished manuscript. MIT. 2005.
COWPER, E. Finiteness. Unpublished manuscript. University of Toronto. 2002.
DEKYDTSPOTTER, L.; SPROUSE, R. Mental design and (second) language epistemology: adjectival restrictions on wh-quantifiers and tense in English-French interlanguage. Second Language Research v.17, p. 1-35, 2001.
UARTE, M. Eugenia L. The loss of the 'Avoid pronoun' principle in Brazilian Portuguese. In: KATO, M.A.; NEGRÃO, E. V. (eds.). Brazilian Portuguese and the null subject parameter. Frankfurt: Vervuert, 2000. p. 17-36.
FRANCESCHINA, F. Morphological or syntactic deficits in near-native speakers? An assessment of some current proposals. Second Language Research. v. 17, n. 3, p. 213-47, 2001.
GOAD, H.; WHITE, L. Ultimate attainment in interlanguage grammars: a prosodic approach. Second Language Research,v. 22, n.3, p. 243-68, 2006.
HAEGEMAN, L. INFL, COMP and nominative Case assignment in Flemish infinitivals. In: MUYSKEN, P.; VAN RIEMSDIJK, H. (eds.). Features and projections. Foris: Dordrecht, 1985. p.123-37.
HAWKINS, R. Revisiting wh-movement: The availability of an uninterpretable [wh] feature in interlanguage grammars. In: DEKYDTSPOTTER, L. et al. (eds.) Proceedings of the 7th Generative Approaches to Second Language Acquisition Conference (GASLA 2004), Somerville, MA: Cascadilla, 2005. p. 124-37.
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HAWKINS, R.; HATTORI, H. Interpretation of English multiple wh-question by Japanese speakers: a missing uninterpretable feature account. Second Language Research, v. 22, n.3, p. 269-301, 2006.
HAWKINS, R.; LISZKA, S. Locating the source of defective past tense marking in advanced L2 English speakers. In: VAN HOUT, R.; HULK, A.; KUIKEN, F.; TOWELL, R. (eds). The lexicon-syntax interface in second
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HORNSTEIN, N. Movement and Control. Linguistic Inquiry , v.30, p. 69-96, 1999.
HULK, A.; MÜLLER, N. Bilingual First Language Acquisition at the Interface Between Syntax and Pragmatics. Bilingualism, Language and Cognition v. 3, p. 227-44, 2000.
IVERSON, M.; ROTHMAN, J. The Syntax-Semantics Interface in L2 Acquisition: Genericity and Inflected Infinitive Complements in Non-Native Portuguese.. In: BRUHN DE GARAVITO et al. (eds.) SelectedProceedings of the 10th Hispanic Linguistic Symposium. Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Press, 2008. p. 78-92.
KANNO, K. Consistency and variation in second language acquisition. Second Language Research, v. 14, p. 376-88, 1998.
KATO, M.A. The partial pro-drop nature and the restricted VS order in Brazilian Portuguese. In: KATO, M.A.; NEGRÃO, E. V. (eds.) Brazilian Portugueseand the null subject parameter. Frankfurt: Vervuert, 2000. p. 223-258.
KATO, M.A.; NEGRÃO, E. V. (eds.) Brazilian Portuguese and the null subject parameter. Frankfurt: Vervuert, 2000.
LANDAU, I. Movement out of Control, Linguistic Inquiry, v. 34, p. 471–98, 2003.
LARDIERE, D. Dissociating syntax from morphology in a divergent L2 end-state grammar. Second Language Research, v.14, p. 359–75, 1998.
_____. Ultimate attainment in second language acquisition: a case study. Mahwah: LEA, 2006.
_____. On morphological competence. In: DEKYDTSPOTTER, L. et al.(eds.) Proceedings of the 7th Generative Approaches to Second Language Acquisition Conference (GASLA 2004), Somerville MA: Cascadilla, 2005. p. 178-92.
LEDGEWAY, A. Variation in the Romance infinitive: the case of the southern Calabrian inflected infinitive. Transactions of the Philological Society, v. 96, p. 1-61, 1998.
LICERAS, J.; DÍAZ, L. Topic-drop versus pro-drop: Null subjects and pronominal subjects in the Spanish of Chinese, English, French, German and Japanese speakers. Second Language Research, v.15, p. 1-40, 1999.
LONGA, V.M. The Galician Inflected Infinitive and the theory of UG. Catalan Working Papers in Linguistics, v. 4, p. 23-44, 1994.
LOZANO, C. Knowledge of expletive and pronominal subjects bylearners of Spanish. ITL: Review of Applied Linguistics, p.71-92, 2002.
MONTALBETTI, M. After Binding: On the interpretation of pronouns. Thesis. (Doctoral thesis of philosophy (PhD)). Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Linguistics and Philosophy. MIT, 1984.
MÜLLER, N.; HULK, A. Crosslinguistic Influence in bilingual acquisition: Italian and French as recipient languages. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, v.4, p.1-21, 2001.
ORDÓÑEZ, F.; TREVIÑO, E. Left Dislocated Subjects and the pro-drop parameter: A case study of Spanish. Lingua, v. 107, p. 39-68, 1999.
PAPP, S. Stable and developmental optionality in native and non-native Hungarian grammars. Second Language Research, v. 16, p. 173–200, 2000.
PÉREZ-LEROUX, A. T.; GLASS, W. Null anaphora in Spanish second language acquisition: probabilistic versus generative approaches. Second Language Research, v. 15, 220-49, 1999.
PIRES, A. The syntax of gerunds and infinitives: Subjects, Case and control. Thesis. (Doctoral thesis of philosophy (PhD)). University of Maryland, College Park, 2001.
_____. The minimalist syntax of defective domains: Gerunds and infinitives. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 2006.
PLATZACK, C. The vulnerable C-domain. Brain and Language, v. 77, p. 364-77, 2001.
PRÉVOST, P.; WHITE, L. Missing surface inflection or impairment in second language acquisition? Evidence from tense and agreement. Second Language Research, v. 16, p. 103–33, 2000.
QUICOLI, A.C. Inflection and parametric variation: Portuguese vs. Spanish. Unpublished manuscript. University of California, Los Angeles, 1988.
_____. Inflection and parametric variation: Portuguese vs. Spanish. In: FREIDIN, R. (ed.) Current issues in comparative grammar, Dordrecht: Kluwer, 1996. p. 46-80.
RAPOSO, E. Case theory and Infl-to-Comp: The inflected infinitive in Europe Portuguese. Linguistic Inquiry, v.18, p. 85-109, 1987.
_____. Prepositional infinitival constructions in European Portuguese. In: JAEGGLI, O.; SAFIR, K., (ed.), The Null Subject Parameter, Dordrecht: Kluwer, 1989. p. 277-305.
ROTHMAN, J. Knowledge of A/A'-dependencies on subject extraction with two types of infinitives in non-native Portuguese adult bilingualism. International Journal of Bilingualism, v. 13, 1. 2009.
ROTHMAN, J.; IVERSON, M. To inflect or not to inflect is the question indeed: Infinitives in non-native Portuguese. The Journal of Portuguese Linguistics, v.6, n.2, p. 5-30, 2007a.
_____. Input Type and Parameter Resetting: Is Naturalistic Input
Necessary? International Review of Applied Linguistics, v. 45, n.4,
p. 285-319, 2007b.
_____. On L2 Clustering and Resetting the Null Subject Parameter in L2 Spanish: Implications and Observations. Hispania, v. 90, n. 2, p. 329-42, 2007c.
SLABAKOVA, R. Is there a Critical Period for Semantics? Second Language Research, v. 22, p. 302-38, 2006.
SORACE, A. Selective optionality in language development. In: CORNIPS, L.; CORRIGAN, K., (eds), Biolinguistic and sociolinguistic accounts of syntactic variation. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 2005. p. 55-80.
_____. Near-Nativeness. In: DOUGHTY, C.; LONG, M., (eds.), The handbook of second language acquisition, Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, 2003. p. 130-51.
_____. Syntactic optionality in non-native grammars. Second Language Research, v. 16, p. 93-102, 2000.
SORACE, A.; FILIACI, F. Anaphora resolution in near-native speakers of Italian. Second Language Research, v. 22, p. 339-68, 2006.
TSIMPLI, I. M.; DIMITRAKOPOULOU, M. The Interpretability Hypothesis: evidence from wh-interrogatives in second language acquisition. Second Language Research, v. 23, n. 2, p. 215-42, 2007.
TSIMPLI, I. M.; MASTROPAVLOU, M. Feature interpretability in L2 acquisition and SLI: Greek clitics and determiners. In: LICERAS, J., ZOBL, H.; GOODLUCK, H. (eds.) The role of formal features in second language acquisition. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum. 2007.
TSIMPLI, I. M.; ROUSSOU, A. Parameter-resetting in L2? UCL Working Papers in Linguistics, v.3, p. 149-70, 1991.
VALENZUELA, E. L2 end state grammars and incomplete acquisition of Spanish CLLD constructions. In Slabakova, R., Montrul, S. and Prévost, P., editors, Inquiries in linguistic development: in honor of Lydia White, Amsterdam: John Benjamins, p. 283-304, 2006.
WHITE, L. Second language acquisition and Universal Grammar. New York: Cambridge University Press. 2003.
ALEXIADOU, A.; AGNOSTOPOULOU, E. Parametrizing AGR: Word order, V-movement and EPP-checking. Natural Language and Linguistic Science,v. 16, p. 491-539, 1998.
AMBAR, M. Inflected infinitives revisited: Genericity and single event. The Canadian Journal of Linguistics/La Revue Canadienne de Linguistique, v. 43, p. 5-36, 1998.
BECK, M. L. L2 acquisition and obligatory head movement: English-speaking learners of German and the local impairment hypothesis. Studies in Second Language Acquisition. v. 20, p. 311- 48, 1998.
BELLETTI, A., SORACE, A.; BENNATI, E. Theoretical and developmental issues in the syntax of subjects: evidence from near-native Italian. Unpublished manuscript, University of Siena, Italy/University of Edinburgh, UK, 2005.
BOECKX, C.; HORNSTEIN, N. Movement under control. Linguistic Inquiry, v. 35, p. 431-52, 2004.
CHOMSKY, N. Lectures on government and binding. Foris: Dordrecht, 1981.
_____. The minimalist program. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1995.
_____. Minimalist Inquiries: The Framework. In MARTIN, R.; MICHAELS, D.; URIAGEREKA, J. (eds.), Step by step: essays on minimalist syntax in honor of Howard Lasnik. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2000. p. 31-52,
_____. Derivation by Phase. In: KENSTOWICZ, M., (ed.), Ken Hale: a life in language. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2001. p.1-52.
_____. On phases. Unpublished manuscript. MIT. 2005.
COWPER, E. Finiteness. Unpublished manuscript. University of Toronto. 2002.
DEKYDTSPOTTER, L.; SPROUSE, R. Mental design and (second) language epistemology: adjectival restrictions on wh-quantifiers and tense in English-French interlanguage. Second Language Research v.17, p. 1-35, 2001.
UARTE, M. Eugenia L. The loss of the 'Avoid pronoun' principle in Brazilian Portuguese. In: KATO, M.A.; NEGRÃO, E. V. (eds.). Brazilian Portuguese and the null subject parameter. Frankfurt: Vervuert, 2000. p. 17-36.
FRANCESCHINA, F. Morphological or syntactic deficits in near-native speakers? An assessment of some current proposals. Second Language Research. v. 17, n. 3, p. 213-47, 2001.
GOAD, H.; WHITE, L. Ultimate attainment in interlanguage grammars: a prosodic approach. Second Language Research,v. 22, n.3, p. 243-68, 2006.
HAEGEMAN, L. INFL, COMP and nominative Case assignment in Flemish infinitivals. In: MUYSKEN, P.; VAN RIEMSDIJK, H. (eds.). Features and projections. Foris: Dordrecht, 1985. p.123-37.
HAWKINS, R. Revisiting wh-movement: The availability of an uninterpretable [wh] feature in interlanguage grammars. In: DEKYDTSPOTTER, L. et al. (eds.) Proceedings of the 7th Generative Approaches to Second Language Acquisition Conference (GASLA 2004), Somerville, MA: Cascadilla, 2005. p. 124-37.
HAWKINS, R.; CHAN, C. The partial availability of universal grammar in second language acquisition: the ‘failed functional features hypothesis.’Second Language Research, v. 13, p. 187- 226, 1997.
HAWKINS, R.; HATTORI, H. Interpretation of English multiple wh-question by Japanese speakers: a missing uninterpretable feature account. Second Language Research, v. 22, n.3, p. 269-301, 2006.
HAWKINS, R.; LISZKA, S. Locating the source of defective past tense marking in advanced L2 English speakers. In: VAN HOUT, R.; HULK, A.; KUIKEN, F.; TOWELL, R. (eds). The lexicon-syntax interface in second
language acquisition, Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 2003. p. 21-44.
HAZNEDAR, B.; SCHWARTZ, B.D. Are there optional infinitives in child L2 acquisition? In: HUGHES, E., HUGHES, M.; GREENHILL, A., (eds.) Proceedings of the 21st Annual BUCLD. Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Press, 1997. p. 257- 68.
HORNSTEIN, N. Movement and Control. Linguistic Inquiry , v.30, p. 69-96, 1999.
HULK, A.; MÜLLER, N. Bilingual First Language Acquisition at the Interface Between Syntax and Pragmatics. Bilingualism, Language and Cognition v. 3, p. 227-44, 2000.
IVERSON, M.; ROTHMAN, J. The Syntax-Semantics Interface in L2 Acquisition: Genericity and Inflected Infinitive Complements in Non-Native Portuguese.. In: BRUHN DE GARAVITO et al. (eds.) SelectedProceedings of the 10th Hispanic Linguistic Symposium. Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Press, 2008. p. 78-92.
KANNO, K. Consistency and variation in second language acquisition. Second Language Research, v. 14, p. 376-88, 1998.
KATO, M.A. The partial pro-drop nature and the restricted VS order in Brazilian Portuguese. In: KATO, M.A.; NEGRÃO, E. V. (eds.) Brazilian Portugueseand the null subject parameter. Frankfurt: Vervuert, 2000. p. 223-258.
KATO, M.A.; NEGRÃO, E. V. (eds.) Brazilian Portuguese and the null subject parameter. Frankfurt: Vervuert, 2000.
LANDAU, I. Movement out of Control, Linguistic Inquiry, v. 34, p. 471–98, 2003.
LARDIERE, D. Dissociating syntax from morphology in a divergent L2 end-state grammar. Second Language Research, v.14, p. 359–75, 1998.
_____. Ultimate attainment in second language acquisition: a case study. Mahwah: LEA, 2006.
_____. On morphological competence. In: DEKYDTSPOTTER, L. et al.(eds.) Proceedings of the 7th Generative Approaches to Second Language Acquisition Conference (GASLA 2004), Somerville MA: Cascadilla, 2005. p. 178-92.
LEDGEWAY, A. Variation in the Romance infinitive: the case of the southern Calabrian inflected infinitive. Transactions of the Philological Society, v. 96, p. 1-61, 1998.
LICERAS, J.; DÍAZ, L. Topic-drop versus pro-drop: Null subjects and pronominal subjects in the Spanish of Chinese, English, French, German and Japanese speakers. Second Language Research, v.15, p. 1-40, 1999.
LONGA, V.M. The Galician Inflected Infinitive and the theory of UG. Catalan Working Papers in Linguistics, v. 4, p. 23-44, 1994.
LOZANO, C. Knowledge of expletive and pronominal subjects bylearners of Spanish. ITL: Review of Applied Linguistics, p.71-92, 2002.
MONTALBETTI, M. After Binding: On the interpretation of pronouns. Thesis. (Doctoral thesis of philosophy (PhD)). Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Linguistics and Philosophy. MIT, 1984.
MÜLLER, N.; HULK, A. Crosslinguistic Influence in bilingual acquisition: Italian and French as recipient languages. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, v.4, p.1-21, 2001.
ORDÓÑEZ, F.; TREVIÑO, E. Left Dislocated Subjects and the pro-drop parameter: A case study of Spanish. Lingua, v. 107, p. 39-68, 1999.
PAPP, S. Stable and developmental optionality in native and non-native Hungarian grammars. Second Language Research, v. 16, p. 173–200, 2000.
PÉREZ-LEROUX, A. T.; GLASS, W. Null anaphora in Spanish second language acquisition: probabilistic versus generative approaches. Second Language Research, v. 15, 220-49, 1999.
PIRES, A. The syntax of gerunds and infinitives: Subjects, Case and control. Thesis. (Doctoral thesis of philosophy (PhD)). University of Maryland, College Park, 2001.
_____. The minimalist syntax of defective domains: Gerunds and infinitives. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 2006.
PLATZACK, C. The vulnerable C-domain. Brain and Language, v. 77, p. 364-77, 2001.
PRÉVOST, P.; WHITE, L. Missing surface inflection or impairment in second language acquisition? Evidence from tense and agreement. Second Language Research, v. 16, p. 103–33, 2000.
QUICOLI, A.C. Inflection and parametric variation: Portuguese vs. Spanish. Unpublished manuscript. University of California, Los Angeles, 1988.
_____. Inflection and parametric variation: Portuguese vs. Spanish. In: FREIDIN, R. (ed.) Current issues in comparative grammar, Dordrecht: Kluwer, 1996. p. 46-80.
RAPOSO, E. Case theory and Infl-to-Comp: The inflected infinitive in Europe Portuguese. Linguistic Inquiry, v.18, p. 85-109, 1987.
_____. Prepositional infinitival constructions in European Portuguese. In: JAEGGLI, O.; SAFIR, K., (ed.), The Null Subject Parameter, Dordrecht: Kluwer, 1989. p. 277-305.
ROTHMAN, J. Knowledge of A/A'-dependencies on subject extraction with two types of infinitives in non-native Portuguese adult bilingualism. International Journal of Bilingualism, v. 13, 1. 2009.
ROTHMAN, J.; IVERSON, M. To inflect or not to inflect is the question indeed: Infinitives in non-native Portuguese. The Journal of Portuguese Linguistics, v.6, n.2, p. 5-30, 2007a.
_____. Input Type and Parameter Resetting: Is Naturalistic Input
Necessary? International Review of Applied Linguistics, v. 45, n.4,
p. 285-319, 2007b.
_____. On L2 Clustering and Resetting the Null Subject Parameter in L2 Spanish: Implications and Observations. Hispania, v. 90, n. 2, p. 329-42, 2007c.
SLABAKOVA, R. Is there a Critical Period for Semantics? Second Language Research, v. 22, p. 302-38, 2006.
SORACE, A. Selective optionality in language development. In: CORNIPS, L.; CORRIGAN, K., (eds), Biolinguistic and sociolinguistic accounts of syntactic variation. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 2005. p. 55-80.
_____. Near-Nativeness. In: DOUGHTY, C.; LONG, M., (eds.), The handbook of second language acquisition, Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, 2003. p. 130-51.
_____. Syntactic optionality in non-native grammars. Second Language Research, v. 16, p. 93-102, 2000.
SORACE, A.; FILIACI, F. Anaphora resolution in near-native speakers of Italian. Second Language Research, v. 22, p. 339-68, 2006.
TSIMPLI, I. M.; DIMITRAKOPOULOU, M. The Interpretability Hypothesis: evidence from wh-interrogatives in second language acquisition. Second Language Research, v. 23, n. 2, p. 215-42, 2007.
TSIMPLI, I. M.; MASTROPAVLOU, M. Feature interpretability in L2 acquisition and SLI: Greek clitics and determiners. In: LICERAS, J., ZOBL, H.; GOODLUCK, H. (eds.) The role of formal features in second language acquisition. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum. 2007.
TSIMPLI, I. M.; ROUSSOU, A. Parameter-resetting in L2? UCL Working Papers in Linguistics, v.3, p. 149-70, 1991.
VALENZUELA, E. L2 end state grammars and incomplete acquisition of Spanish CLLD constructions. In Slabakova, R., Montrul, S. and Prévost, P., editors, Inquiries in linguistic development: in honor of Lydia White, Amsterdam: John Benjamins, p. 283-304, 2006.
WHITE, L. Second language acquisition and Universal Grammar. New York: Cambridge University Press. 2003.
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2009-12-01
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ROTHMAN, J.; IVERSON, M.; JUDY, T. Bound variable, split antecedent and ellipsis interpretations in L2 Portuguese: implications for L2 acquisition theories (Variável ligada, antecedente cindido e interpretações de elipse em Português como L2:implicações para as teorias de aquisição de L2). Estudos da Língua(gem), [S. l.], v. 7, n. 2, p. 261-300, 2009. DOI: 10.22481/el.v7i2.1098. Disponível em: https://periodicos2.uesb.br/index.php/estudosdalinguagem/article/view/1098. Acesso em: 4 nov. 2024.
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