Modelo Preditivo de Absenteísmo e Clusterização de Perfis Comportamentais: uma abordagem de people analytics aplicada à gestão de frequência organizacional
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22481/recic.v8i1.19583Palavras-chave:
People Analytics, Absenteísmo, Aprendizado de Máquina, CRISP-DM, Random Forest, K-Means, Clusterização, Score de RiscoResumo
O absenteísmo representa um dos fenômenos mais custosos e complexos da gestão de pessoas, impactando produtividade, clima organizacional e custos indiretos como sobrecarga de equipes e horas extras emergenciais. Abordagens tradicionais de gestão de frequência operam de forma descritiva e reativa, limitando a capacidade de intervenção preventiva. Este trabalho propõe uma abordagem integrada de People Analytics aplicada à gestão preditiva de absenteísmo, seguindo a metodologia CRISP-DM e combinando duas frentes complementares: (i) um Score de Risco de Absenteísmo, baseado em algoritmo Random Forest, que estima a probabilidade de ocorrência de eventos de ausência em janelas de 7, 30 e 90 dias; e (ii) uma clusterização híbrida baseada em K-Means, que segmenta colaboradores em quatro perfis comportamentais distintos (Estáveis, Recorrentes, Sazonais e Graves). O estudo foi conduzido em uma organização pública brasileira de promoção de exportações, utilizando 14.533 eventos de absenteísmo do período 2019-2025, distribuídos entre 676 colaboradores. O modelo preditivo foi selecionado entre 14 candidatos por meio de validação cruzada estratificada, alcançando AUC de 0,855, acurácia de 80,2% e recall de 63,1% no conjunto de validação temporal. A clusterização foi validada por meio de Silhouette Score, índice de Calinski-Harabasz, índice de Davies-Bouldin e teste ANOVA, com diferenças estatisticamente significativas (p < 0,001) entre os clusters. Os resultados foram integrados a um protótipo de painel interativo em Power BI, concebido para uso operacional pela área de Recursos Humanos, contemplando a visualização de scores individuais, perfis comportamentais e indicadores agregados; a adoção efetiva em rotina decisória e a aferição longitudinal de impacto permanecem como trabalho futuro. As contribuições principais incluem: (a) um pipeline reproduzível de engenharia de variáveis comportamentais, com destaque para features de sazonalidade baseadas em consistência multi-anual; (b) uma abordagem híbrida de clusterização que combina critérios determinísticos e aprendizado não supervisionado; e (c) um instrumento operacional integrado que pode ser replicado em outras organizações.
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