Estratégias terapêuticas no manejo do risco suicida

Gabriela Garcia de Carvalho Laguna; Ana Beatriz Ferreira Gusmão; Ana Luiza Ferreira Gusmão; David Santos Libarino; Katiene Rodrigues Menezes De Azevedo

doi:10.22481/rsc.v19i2.12256

Autores

Gabriela Garcia de Carvalho Laguna Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde da Universidade Federal da Bahia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7396-647X
Ana Beatriz Ferreira Gusmão Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde da Universidade Federal da Bahia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7218-5505
Ana Luiza Ferreira Gusmão Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde da Universidade Federal da Bahia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7087-5935
David Santos Libarino Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde da Universidade Federal da Bahia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7763-5026
Katiene Rodrigues Menezes De Azevedo Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde da Universidade Federal da Bahia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2990-5351

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22481/rsc.v19i2.12256

Resumo

Objetivo. Descrever as principais estratégias terapêuticas úteis visando o manejo do risco suicida. Método. Trata-se de uma revisão narrativa, que incluiu artigos publicados entre 2018 e 2023 nas bases de dados PubMed, BVS, SciELO, Periódicos CAPES e Google Scholar. Para as buscas, diversos descritores foram combinados com: “Suicide”, “Suicidal Ideation” e “Ideations, Suicidal”. Resultados. Quanto aos hábitos de vida, destacam-se: qualidade do sono, prática regular de exercícios físicos e senso de identificação e de pertencimento a uma comunidade. Dentre as terapias psicológicas, a Terapia Cognitivo Comportamental (TCC) e a Terapia Comportamental Dialética apresentam melhores evidências. Com relação às medidas farmacológicas e procedimentais, o acompanhamento da condição de base, quando existente, é determinante na escolha da opção terapêutica e destaca-se a importância de redobrar os cuidados com pessoas que já tentaram suicidio. Para transtornos de humor, o Lítio pode proporcionar boa resposta no manejo do risco suicida, além de antidepressivos e da associação deles com terapias psicológicas, sobretudo a TCC. A Cetamina e a eletroconvulsoterapia também são possibilidades promissoras, principalmente pela rápida melhora na crise. Conclusão. Apresentamos um panorama de ferramentas úteis para o cuidado em saúde mental que pode contribuir para otimizar a assistência diante do risco suicida.

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