Aplicações da tractografia nas doenças do sistema nervoso central: uma revisão de literatura
Keywords:
Imagem de tensor de difusão, Neuroimagem, Imagem por ressonância magnéticaAbstract
A tractografia (imagem de tensor de difusão) permite a visualização dos feixes (tratos) de fibras nervosas in vivo, bem como a sua orientação e integridade, pela quantificação da difusão das moléculas de água nas fibras neurais. Essa técnica tem sido usada na investigação de doenças do sistema nervoso central. Assim, foi realizada uma revisão de literatura sobre os princípios e as aplicações da tractografia no sistema nervoso humano, bem como as possíveis aplicações futuras, visando entender como a técnica pode ser útil para o diagnóstico e acompanhamento de doenças. A tractografia mostrou ter aplicação nas mais diversas doenças neuropsiquiátricas e na neurocirurgia. A técnica tem aplicação fundamental no planejamento cirúrgico para ressecções tumorais ou de biópsias, diagnóstico precoce de doenças neoplásicas ou degenerativas assintomáticas do sistema nervoso, avaliação da extensão de doenças, acompanhamento da sua evolução, resposta ao tratamento e prognóstico. Entretanto, a tractografia ainda apresenta algumas limitações, como em áreas do cérebro em que há o cruzamento de fibras, em situações onde várias fibras estão se prolongando em mais de uma direção, a falta de homogeneidade do campo magnético, o movimento da cabeça e artefatos.
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