Zinco e cancêr: uma revisão
Keywords:
cancêr, zinco nutriçãoAbstract
O câncer é uma das maiores causas de mobi mortalidade no mundo e, é cada vez maior o interesse sobre a importância da nutrição na prevenção do câncer. O zinco é fundamental na função com fatores de transcrição, defesa antioxidante e reparo do DNA e a deficiência alimentar desse mineral pode contribuir para danos e modificações oxidativas do DNA, que aumentam o risco de câncer. Em muitas doenças neoplásicas, alterações nos níveis de zinco plasmático têm sido encontradas e, parece que a suplementação deste mineral está associada com menor estresse oxidativo e melhora da resposta imune em pacientes com câncer. Esta revisão abordará o papel do zinco sobre aspectos relativos ao câncer e, apresentará alguns estudos clínicos sobre a deficiência de zinco nos pacientes portadores dessa doença.
Downloads
References
Santos HS, Cruz WM de S. A terapia nutricional com vitaminas antioxidantes e o tratamento quimioterápico oncológico. Rev bras cancerol 2001; 47: 303-08.
Kapil U, Singh P, Shukla NK, Pathak P, Singh R. Association of vitamin A, vitamin C and zinc with laryngeal cancer. Indian J Cancer 2004; 40: 67-70.
Bargellini A, Piccinini L, De Palma, M, Giacobazzi P, Scaltriti S, Mariano M et al. Trace elements, anxiety and immune parameters in patients affected by cancer. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2003;17:3-9.
Prasad AS, Kucuk O. Zinc in cancer prevention. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2002; 21: 291-95.
Kim SY, Kim JW, Ko YS, Koo JE, Chung HY, Lee-Kim YC. Changes in lipid peroxidation and antioxidant trace elements in serum of women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and invasive cancer. Nutr Cancer 2003; 47:126-30.
Yilmaz MI, Saglam K, Sonmez A., Gok DE, Basal S, Kilic S. Antioxidant system activation in prostate cancer. Biol Trace Elem Res 2004; 98:13-9.
Shukla VK, Adukia TK, Singh SP, Mishra CP, Mishra RN. Micronutrients, antioxidants, and carcinoma of the gallbladder. J Surg Oncol 2003; 84:31-5.
Mayland C, Allen KR, Degg TJ, Bennet M. Micronutrient concentrations in patients with malignant disease: effect of the inflammatory response. Ann Clin Biochem 2004; 41:138-41.
Gupta SK, Shukla VK, Vaidya MP, Roy SK, Gupta S. Serum and tissue trace elements in colorectal cancer. J Surg Oncol 1993; 52:172-5.
Oyama T, Matsuno K, Kawamoto T, Mitsudomi T, Shirakusa T, Kodama Y. Efficiency of serum copper/zinc ratio for differential diagnosis of patients with and without lung cancer. Biol Trace Elem Res 1994; 42: 115-27.
Doerr TD, Prasad AS, Marks SC, Beck FW, Shamsa FH, Penny HS, Mathog, R.H. Zinc deficiency in head and neck cancer patients. J Am Coll Nutr 1997; 16(5): 418-22.
Zhao X, Han C, Jing J. Relationship of serum trace elements to lung cancer and its clinical application. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi 1998; 19:286-9
Fenech M. Chromossomal biomarkers of genomic instability relevant to cancer. DDIT 2002; 7:1128-37.
Ferrari CKB, Torres EAFS. Novos compostos dietéticos com propriedades anticarcinogênicas. Rev bras cancerol 2002; 48: 375-82.
Wünsch Filho, V Moncau J E. Mortalidade por Câncer no Brasil 1981-1995: Padrões Regionais e Tendências Temporais. Rev Assoc Méd Brás 2002; 3: 250-57.
Mcmillan DC, Sattar N, Talwar D, O'reilly DS, Mcardle CS. Changes in micronutrient concentrations following anti-inflamatory treatment in patients with gastrointestinal cancer. Nutrition 2000; 16: 425-28.
Drewnowski A., Gomez-Carneros C. Bitter taste, phytonutrients, and the consumer: a review. Am J Clin Nutr 2000; 72: 1424-35.
Chen H, Ward MH, Graubard BI, Heineman EF, Markin RM, Potischman NA. Dietary patterns and adenocarcinoma of the esophagus and distal stomach. Am J Clin Nutr 2002; 75: 137-44.
Berrrino F, Krogh V, Riboli E. Epidemiology studies on diet and cancer. Tumori 2003; 89: 581-85.
Onosaka S, Tetsuchikawahara N, Min K. Paradigm Shift in Zinc: Metal Pathology. Tohoku J Exp Med 2002; 196: 1-7.
Henriques GS, Hirata M H, Cozzolino S M F. Aspectos recentes da absorção e biodisponibilidade do zinco e suas correlações com a fisiologia da isoforma testicular da Enzima Conversora da Angiotensina. Rev Nutr 2003; 16: 333-45.
Hambidge M. Human Zinc Deficiency. J Nutr 2000; 130: 1344-49.
Wood RJ. Assessment of Marginal Zinc Status in Humans. J Nutr 2000; 130: 1350-54.
O Dell B L. Role of zinc in Plasma Membrane Function. J Nutr 2000; 130: 1432S-36S.
Koury JC, Donangelo CM. Zinco, estresse oxidativo e atividade física. Rev Nutr 2003; 16: 433-41.
Mafra D, Cozzolino S M F. Importância do zinco na nutrição humana. Rev Nutr 2004; 17: 79-7.
Krishna SS, Mamjumbar I, Grishin NV. Structural classification of zinc fingers. Nucleic Acids Research 2003; 31: 532-50.
Zowczak M, Iskra M, Torlinski L, Cofta S. Analysis of Serum Copper and Zinc Concentrations in Cancer Patients. Biol Trace Elem Res 2001; 82: 1-8.
Cherian MG, Jayasurya A, Bay B. Metallothioneins in human tumors and potential roles in carcinogens. Mutation Research 2003; 533: 201-9.
Mccall KA, Huang C, Fierke CA. Function and mechanism of zinc metalloenzimes. J Nutr 2000; 130: 1437-46.
Powell S R. The antioxidant properties of zinc. J Nutr 2000; 130: 1447-54.
Tapieiro H, Tew K D. Trace elements un human physiology and pathology: zinc and metallothioneins. Biomedicine & Phamacotheraphy 2003; 57: 399-11.
Piccinini L, Borella P, Bargellini A, Medici CI, Zoboli A. A case-control study on selenium, zinc and copper in plasma and hair of subjects affected by breast and lung cancer. Biol Trace Elem Res 1996; 51: 23-30.
Wu T, Sempos CT, Freudenheim JL, Muti P, Smit E. Serum Iron, Copper and Zinc Concentrations and Risk of Câncer Mortality in US Adults. Ann Epidemiol 2004; 14: 195-201.
MacDonald R. The role of zinc in growth and cell proliferation. J Nutr 2000; 130: 1500-08.
Truong-Tran A Q, Ho LH, Chai F, Zalewski PD. Celluar zinc fluxes and the regulation of apoptpsis/gene-directed cell death. J Nutr 2000; 130: 1459-66.
Shankar A H, Prasad A S. Zinc and immune function: the biological basis of altered resistance to infection. Am J Clin Nutr 1998; 68: 447-63.
Fraker PJ. King LE. Laakko T, Vollmer TL. The dynamic link between the integrity of the immune system and zinc status. J Nutr 2000; 130: 1399-06.
Ibs K H, Rink L. Zinc-altered immune function. J Nutr 2000; 130: 1452-56.
Delves PJ., Roitt IM. The immune system: first of two parts. N Engl J Med 2000; 343: 37-49.
Federico A, Iodice P, Federico P, Del Rio A, Mellone MC, Catalano G. Effects of selenium and zinc supplementation on nutritional status in patients with cancer of digestive tract. Eur J Clin Nutr 2001; 55: 293-7.
Goto T, Komai M, Bryant BP, Furukawa Y. Reduction in carbonic anhydrase activity in the tongue epithelium and submandibular gland in zinc-deficient rats. Int J Nutr Res 2000; 70: 110-18.
Komai M, Goto T, Suzuki H, Takeda T, Furukawa Y. Zinc deficiency and taste dysfunction; contribution of carbonic anhydrase, a zinc-metalloenzime, to normal taste sensation. BioFactors 2000; 12: 65-70.
King, J.C. ; Shames, D. M. ; Woodhouse, L. R. Zinc Homeostasis in Humans. J Nutr 2000; (130): 1360S-1366S.
King JC, Shames D M, Lowe NM, Woodhouse LR, Sutherland B, Abrams SA. Effect of acute zinc depletion on zinc homeostasis and plasma zinc kinetics in men. Am J Clin Nutr 2001; 74: 116-24.
Sian L, Krebs NF, Westcott JE, Fengliang L, Tong L, Miller LV. Zinc homeostasis during lactation in a population with a low zinc intake. Am J Clin Nutr 2002; 75: 99-3.
Cousins RJ, Blanchard RK, Moore JB, Cui L, Green CL, Liuzzi JP. Regulation of zinc metabolism and genomic outcomes. J Nutr 2003; 133: 1521-6.
Rink L, Kirchner H. Zinc-altered immune function and cytokine production. J Nutr 2000; 130:1407-11.
Gibson RS. Principles of Nutritional Assessment. New York: Oxford University Press; 1990. p. 543-53.
Lönerdal J. Dietary factors influencing zinc absorption. J Nutr 2000; 130: 1378-3.
Hunt J R. Bioavailability of iron, zinc, and other trace minerals from vegetarian diets. Am J Clin Nutr 2003; 78: 633-9.
Food and Nutrition Board. Dietary reference intakes for vitamin A, vitamin K, arsenic, boron, chromium, copper, iodine, iron, manganese, molybdunum, nickel, silicon, vanadium, and zinc. Washington: Academy of Sciences; 2001.
Anderson JBJ. Minerais. In: Mahan K, Escott-Stump K. Alimentos, nutrição e dietoterapia. São Paulo: Roca; 2002. p. 106-45.
Borges VC, Ferrini MT, Waitzberg DL, Oliveira GPC, Bottoni A. Minerais. In: Waitzberg DL. Nutrição oral, enteral e parenteral na prática clínica. São Paulo: Atheneu; 2002. p. 117-48.
Poo JL, Romero RR, Robles JA, Montemayor AC, Isoard F, Estanes A. Diagnostic value of the copper/zinc ratio in digestive cancer: a case control study. Arch Med Res 1997; 28: 259-63.
Mellow MH, Layne EA, Lipman TO, Kaushik M, Hostetler C, Smith JC Jr. Plasma zinc and vitamin A in human squamous carcinoma of the esophagus. Cancer 1993; 51: 1615-20.
Lipman TO, Diamond A, Mellow MH, Patterson KY. Esophageal zinc content in human squamous esophageal cancer. J Am Coll Nutr 1987; 6: 41-6.
Bakan N, Bakan E, Suerdem M, Yigitoglu MR. Serum zinc and angiotensin-converting enzyme levels in patients with lung cancer. Biofactors 1988; 1: 177-8.
Rosas R, Poo Jl, Montemayor A, Isoard F, Majluf A, Labardini J. Utility of the copper/zinc ratio in patients with lymphoma or acute or chronic leukemias. Clin 1995; 47: 447-52.
Kuo HW, Chen SF, Wu CC, Chen DR, Lee JH. Serum and tissue trace elements in patients with breast cancer in Taiwan. Biol Trace Elem Res 2002; 89: 1-11.
Rostkowska-Nadolska B, Pospiech L, Bochnia M. Content of trace elements in serum of patients with carcinoma of the larynx. Arch Immunol Ther Exp 1999; 47: 321-25.
Kopanski Z, Piekoszewski W, Habiniak J, Wojewoda T, Wojewoda A, Schlegel-Zawadzka M. The clinical value of the determinations in the serum of zinc concentration in women with breast cancer. Folia Histochem Cytobiol 2001; 39: 84-6.
Oyama T, Kawamoto T, Matsuno K, Osaki T, Matsumoto A, Isse T. A case-case study comparing the usefulness of serum trace elements (Cu, Zn and Se) and tumor markers (CEA, SCC and SLX) in non-small cell lung cancer patients. Anticancer Res 2003; 23: 605-12.
Ripamonti C, Zecca E, Brunelli C, Fulfaro F, Villa S, Balzarini A. A randomized, controlled clinical trial to evaluate the effects of zinc sulfate on cancer patients with taste alterations caused by head and neck irradiation. Cancer 1998; 82:1938-45.
Fong LY, Li JX, Farber JL, Magee PN. Cell proliferation and esophageal carcinogenesis in the zinc-deficient rat. Carcinogenesis 1996; 17:1841-8.
Fong LY, Nguyen VT, Farber VT. Esophageal Cancer Prevention in Zinc-Deficient Rats: Rapid Induction of Apoptosis by Replenishing Zinc. J Natl Cancer Inst 2001; 93: 1525-33.
Prasad AS, Bao B, Beck FW, Kucuk O, Sarkar FH. Antioxidant effect of zinc in humans. Free Radic Biol Med 2004; 37: 1182-90.
Prasad AS, Beck FW, Doerr TD, Shamsa FH, Penny HS, Marks SC. Nutritional and zinc status of head and neck cancer patients: an interpretive review. J Am Coll Nutr 1998; 17: 409-18.
Cunzhi H, Jiexian J, Xianwen Z, Jingang G, Shumin Z, Lili D. Serum and tissue levels of six trace elements and copper/zinc ratio in patients with cervical cancer and uterine myoma. Biol Trace Elem Res 2003; 94: 113-22

