Conceitos básicos sobre as infecções relacionadas à assistencia à saúde
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22481/rsc.v20i3.14166Palavras-chave:
Infecção Hospitalar, Controle de Infecção, Precauções Universais, Higiene das Mãos.Resumo
As infecções relacionadas à assistência à saúde (IRAS) são infecções que se desenvolvem no paciente que é tratado em qualquer ambiente em que sejam prestados cuidados de saúde e constituem um problema de saúde pública muito importante. O objetivo deste artigo foi descrever os conceitos básicos relacionados às IRAS. Foi realizada uma revisão narrativa de artigos publicados de 2010 a 2023 nas bases de dados LILACS, SciELO e PubMed, utilizando os descritores “infecção hospitalar OR infecções nosocomiais” em inglês, português e espanhol. Além disso, foi realizada uma busca de informação em sites especializados. As IRAS são consequência de cuidados de má qualidade ou de cuidados cada vez mais avançados sem a implantação de programas de controle de infecção e segurança do paciente, sendo mais frequentes nos países em desenvolvimento. Para estudar as IRAS é importante levar em conta a tríade epidemiológica e a cadeia de infecção porque podem indicar quais fatores estão envolvidos na produção e prevenção destas infecções. A maioria das IRAS são evitáveis pela aplicação de recomendações baseadas em evidências e pacotes de medidas de prevenção. Diante do difícil desafio colocado pelo surgimento das IRAS, impõe-se uma abordagem interdisciplinar e de amplo consenso com a participação de todos os profissionais de saúde, que permita a prevenção e o controle dessas infecções por meio da educação do pessoal de saúde e a aplicação de metodologias e procedimentos operacionais para seu controle.
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