O impacto de serviços farmacêuticos na cessação do tabagismo: uma revisão integrativa

Resumen

Smoking is a risk factor for the development of several diseases and the biggest preventable cause of illness and early death in the world. In this way, it’s less expensive to stop smoking than to treat the diseases caused by it, and pharmaceutical services can help. The objective of this review was to gather studies that described the pharmaceutical services provided for smoking cessation, as well as the clinical impacts arising from it.  For this, an integrative literature review was carried out in Pubmed and Lilacs databases, using descriptors referring to smoking cessation and pharmaceutical services. Among the 342 articles retrieved, 21 were selected for this study. Three types of pharmaceutical services were identified: health condition management (n=7), health education (n=13) and pharmacotherapy follow-up (n=1). Most of the services were offered in the community pharmacy and involved a behavioral and brief intervention. Group interventions were more effective than individual interventions. All studies evaluated smoking cessation through the patient's report and only one of them evaluated the impact on quality of life, which was positive. Pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation provided in the services (nicotine replacement therapy, bupropion and varenicline) were consistent with the literature, with nicotine replacement therapy being prescribed by the pharmacist in one of the services. Evidence demonstrates that pharmaceutical services for smoking cessation have great potential for health promotion. Therefore, public policies that promote pharmacists’ training to provide activities aimed at smoking cessation in health services should be considered by managers.