Migración e inserción laboral de la población afromexicana en México, 2020

José Alfredo Jáuregui-Díaz; María de Jesús Ávila Sánchez; Jimena Méndez-Navarro

doi:10.22481/odeere.v10i2.17085

Authors

José Alfredo Jáuregui-Díaz Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2518-8818
María de Jesús Ávila Sánchez Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8693-4634
Jimena Méndez-Navarro Instituto de Investigaciones Sociales https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1194-4667

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22481/odeere.v10i2.17085

Keywords:

afro-mexican, migration, labor, inequality, salaries

Abstract

This article analyzes the internal migration patterns and labor market integration of the Afro-Mexican population in Mexico, based on microdata from the 2020 XIV General Population and Housing Census. The study focuses on individuals who self-identify as Afro-Mexican, Black, or of African descent and who migrated in the last five years. It identifies their sociodemographic characteristics, reasons for displacement, and conditions of integration into the labor market. The results show that this population has a higher internal mobility rate than the rest of the population, with a predominantly young structure, heterogeneous educational levels, and high labor force participation. The main cause of migration is associated with employment and economic reasons, although family, educational, and security also stand out. Regarding their labor market integration, Afro-Mexican migrants are mainly employed as professionals, in personal services, and in basic occupations. However, their access to formal labor benefits is limited, and there are significant regional disparities in income levels. These findings highlight the need to strengthen public policies that recognize and address the specific conditions of this population, promote equal opportunities, and ensure their full inclusion in their destinations.

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Author Biographies

José Alfredo Jáuregui-Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León

He holds a PhD in Demography from the Center for Demographic Studies at the Autonomous University of Barcelona. He also holds a Master's degree in Demography from the Colegio de la Frontera Norte (College of the Northern Border) and a Bachelor's degree in Sociology from the Autonomous University of Aguascalientes. Since 2012, he has worked as a professor-researcher at the Institute of Social Research in the Faculty of Philosophy and Letters at the Autonomous University of Nuevo León. He is a member of the National System of Researchers Level I (SNII-1) awarded by the SECIHTI (National Institute of Statistics and Census of Mexico). He is also the leader of the Academic Faculty: Demographic Dynamics and Social Sustainability. His research interests include international migration, urban indigenous migration, and sustainable development. His most recent publication is the article "Mexican Immigration to the United States Before, During, and After COVID-19," published in the journal Documentos de Análisis Geográfico (Documents of Geographic Analysis). He also holds a Bachelor's degree in Sociology from the Autonomous University of Aguascalientes. He also holds a Bachelor's degree in Sociology from the Autonomous University of Nuevo León. He is also a member of the National System of Researchers Level I (SNII-1) awarded by the SECIHTI (National Institute of Statistics and Census of Mexico). He is also a leader of the Academic Faculty: Demographic Dynamics and Social Sustainability. His research interests include international migration, urban indigenous migration, and sustainable development. His most recent publication is the article "Mexican Immigration to the United States Before, During, and After COVID-19," published in the journal Documentos de Análisis Geográfico (Documents of Geographic Analysis). He is also a member of the journal Migración y Salud (Migration and Health). CONAPO-SEGOB also published the chapter "Skilled Internal Migration in Nuevo León, 2015" in the book Employment in Mexico: Policies and Contrast.

María de Jesús Ávila Sánchez, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León

Licenciada en Sociología por la Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Maestra en Demografía por el Colegio de la Frontera Norte y Doctora en Ciencias Sociales por la Universidad de Leiden en los Países Bajos, Holanda. Miembro de Sistema Nacional de Investigadores Nivel I (SNI-2). Sus líneas de investigación son: el análisis demográfico de los jóvenes, migración interna e internacional, género y desarrollo sustentable. Actualmente es profesora del Instituto de Investigaciones Sociales de la Facultad de Filosofía y Letras de la Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León.

Jimena Méndez-Navarro, Instituto de Investigaciones Sociales

PhD in Regional Economics from the National Autonomous University of Mexico. She holds a Master's degree in Demography from El Colegio de la Frontera Norte and a Bachelor's degree in Economics from the Autonomous Metropolitan University of Azcapotzalco. She is currently conducting a postdoctoral fellowship at the Institute of Social Research (FFyL) at the UANL. Her project, funded by the National Council for Humanities, Science, and Technology (CONAHCYT), is titled "Stories of Haitian Minors in Monterrey, Nuevo León." Her recent publication is "Educational Policies for the Care of Guatemalan and Haitian Migrant Minors in Mexico." She is also in press. "Post-Pandemic Educational Policy and Human Mobility in Mexico" is in progress. "The Context of Elementary School Educational Inclusion for Children and Adolescents of Foreign Origin in Mexico" is in progress.

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