Training in natural sciences and mathematics in Mozambican higher education: challenges and prospects for improving quality

Abstract

Training in Natural Sciences and Mathematics plays a crucial role in the scientific, technological, and socioeconomic development of Mozambique, constituting an essential pillar for national progress. In recent decades, the country has expanded access to higher education; however, debates persist regarding the quality of teaching and its alignment with the real needs of Mozambican society. This article examines the main challenges related to the quality of training in Natural Sciences and Mathematics within Mozambican higher education. Employing a qualitative approach, the study is based on a literature review, focusing on the description of the predominant characteristics of such training, the systematization of pedagogical and curricular challenges, and the discussion of strategies for strengthening training in higher education. The findings reveal persistent weaknesses in the articulation between curriculum and research, and highlight significant gaps in teachers’ pedagogical preparation, laboratory infrastructure, and the recurring mismatch between the formal curriculum and professional requirements. It is concluded that, although the context is complex, overcoming these challenges requires profound structural, curricular, and pedagogical reconfigurations capable of aligning higher education with the contemporary demands of society.