Fluidez territorial como articuladora del turismo con motivos odontológicos en Molar City (Los Algodones, México).
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22481/rg.v4i2.6982Abstract
Health tourism has emerged in the 21st century as an economic activity of great relevance to peripheral countries. Among its many specialties, dentistry is perhaps one of the most emblematic cases, and has led to Los Algodones, a Mexican border town, to become one of the destinations preferred by many patients. The aim of this paper is to understand how health tourism organizes this Latin American town. Through the application of 41 semi-structured interviews to agents involved and field trips, it was discovered that different cores of migration and mobility merge into a dynamic of territorial fluidity that explains why this town is known as Molar City.
Keywords: health tourism; Molar City; odontology.
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ADAMS, K.; SNYDER, J.; CROOKS, V. A critical examination of empowerment discourse in medical tourism: the case of the dental tourism in Los Algodones, Mexico. Globalization and Health 14 (70), 1-10. 2018.
ADAMS, K.; SNYDER, J.; CROOKS, V. Narratives of a ‘dental oasis’: examining media portrayals of dental tourism in the border town of Los Algodones, Mexico. Journal of Borderlands Studies 34 (3), 325-341. 2019.
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ALVARADO-SIZZO, I. Territorial dynamics of cultural tourism in Izamal, Yucatán, México. GeoJournal 81 (5), 751-770. 2015.
BARDIN, L. (1986). El análisis de contenido. Madrid: Akal.
BARROS, P. Health systems and medical tourism. In Handbook on Medical Tourism and Patient Mobility. Chettenham: Edward Elgar, 2015, p. 71-81.
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BRINGAS, N. Un acercamiento al turismo fronterizo y los obstáculos para su consolidación. Ponencia en el VI Congreso Nacional de Investigación Turística (CESTUR). 2004.
CETYS (2013). Derrama Económica del Turismo Médico en Mexicali. Mexicali: CETYS Universidad.
CHANDU, A. Dental tourism. En: Lunt, N.; D. Horsfall y J. Hanefeld, (ed). Handbook on medical tourism and patient mobility. Chettenham: Edward Elgar, 2015, pp. 403-410.
CHEE, H.; WHITTAKER, A. & POR, H. Medical travel facilitators, private hospitals and international medical travel in assemblage. Asia Pacific Viewpoint 58 (2), 242-254. 2017.
COHEN, I. Patients with passports: medical tourism, law and ethics. Estados Unidos: OUP. 2014.
COHEN, J. Politics and economic policy in the United States. Estados Unidos: Houghton Mifflin. 2000.
CONNELL, J. A new inequality? Privatisation, urban bias, migration and medical tourism. Asia Pacific Viewpoint 52 (3), 260-271. 2011a.
CONNELL, J. Medical Tourism. United Kingdom: CAB International. 2011b.
CORTEZ, N. Patients without borders: the emerging global market for patients and the evolution of modern health care. Indiana Law Journal 83 (1), p. 71-132. 2008.
DALSTROM, M. Winter Texans and the re-creation of the American experience in Mexico. Medical Anthropology 31 (2), 162-177. 2012.
EISSLER, L. A. The lived experience of seeking healthcare through medical tourism: an interpretative phenomenological study of Alaskan patients traveling internationally for medical dental care. Mánoa: UMI dissertation publishing. 2011.
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HALL, M. The ethics regulation and marketing of health mobility. Oxon: Routledge. 2013.
HANEFELD, J.; SMITH, R. Globalization and trade in health services. In Handbook on Medical Tourism and Patient Mobility. Chettenham: Edward Elgar, 2015, p. 37-44.
HARVEY, D. La condición de la posmodernidad. Madrid: Akal. 1990.
JUDD, D. Constructing the tourist bubble. En: Judd, D. y S. Fainstein (ed.). The tourist city. Yale University Press. 1999.
JUDKINS, G. Persistence of the U.S. - Mexico border: expansion of medical tourism amid trade liberalization. Journal of Latin American Geography 6 (2), 11-33. 2007.
KASPAR, H. & REDDY, S. Spaces of connectivity: the formation of medical travel destinations in Delhi National Capital Region (India). Asia Pacific Viewpoint 58 (2), 228-241. 2017
LAESSER, C. Health travel motivation and activities: insights from a mature market – Switzerland. Tourism Review 66 (1-2), 83-89. 2011.
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LÓPEZ-LÓPEZ, Á.; CUKIER, J., & SÁNCHEZ-CRISPÍN, Á. Segregation of tourist space in Los Cabos, Mexico. Tourism Geographies, 8 (4), 359-379. 2006.
LUNT, N.; GREEN, S.; MANNION, R.; HORSFALL, D. (2013). Quality, safety and risk in medical tourism. In: HALL, M. Medical Tourism. The ethics regulation and marketing of health mobility. Oxon: Routledge, pp. 31-46. 2013.
MERCHAND-ROJAS, M.A. Convergencia entre teorías que explican por qué hay territorios ganadores y otros perdedores. Análisis económico 49 (22), 195-222. 2017.
MORONE, J. Introduction. En: Morone, J., T. Litman, T. y L. Robins (ed.). Health politics and policy. Estados Unidos: Delmar, pp. 1-22. 2008.
Neuendorf, K. A. The Content Analysis Guidebook. 2° edición. Los Ángeles: SAGE. 2017.
OBERLE, A. & ARREOLA, D. Mexican Medical Border Towns: a case study of Algodones, Baja California. Journal of Borderland Studies 19 (2), p. 1-18. 2004.
OSTERLE, A.; BALÁZS, P. & DELGADO, J. Travelling for teeth: characteristics and perspectives of dental care tourism in Hungary. British Dental Journal, 206 (8), p. 425-428. 2009.
PERIÓDICO OFICIAL DE BAJA CALIFORNIA. Programa de Desarrollo Urbano del Centro de Población de Los Algodones, Baja California, 2020. Publicación del 19 de noviembre de 1999. (13/04/2019). 1999.
PIAZOLO, M. & ZANCA, N. Medical tourism –a case study for the USA and India, Germany and Hungary. Acta Polytechnica Hungarica 8 (1), 137-160. 2011.
POCOCK, N.; PHUA, KH. Medical tourism and policy implications for health systems. Globalization and health, 7 (12), 1-12. 2011.
PROMÉXICO. Diagnóstico sectorial: turismo de salud. México: Secretaría de Economía. 2016.
RAMÍREZ, J. C. Border of words/border of images: Tijuana and Los Algodones. Delaware Review of Latin American Studies 6 (1). Recuperado el 18 de noviembre de 2018, de http://udspace.udel.edu/bitstream/handle/19716/19551/Vol6-1RamirezPimienta.pdf?sequence=1. (13/04/2019). 2005.
RAMÍREZ DE ARELLANO, A. Medical tourism in the Caribbean. Signs: Journal of women in culture and society 36 (2), 289-297. 2011.
REISMAN, D. The economics of health and medical tourism. En: Lunt, N., D. Horsfall y J. Hanefeld (ed). Handbook on medical tourism and patient mobility. Chettenham: Edward Elgar, pp. 82-91. 2015.
RUGGERI, K., IVANOVIC, N., RAZUM, J., KÁCHA, O., MENEZES, I., ZAFARI, Z., & GARCÍA-GARZÓN, E. An evidence-based policy for improving choice in global health access through medical travel. Health Policy 122 (12), 1372-1376. 2018.
ROJAS, M. & COURTADE, E. Paso de los Algodones (21 de septiembre de 1858). México: Gobierno del Estado de Baja California y XIX Ayuntamiento de Mexicali. 2010.
SANTOS, M. A Natureza do Espaço. Técnica e tempo – razão e emoção. São Paulo: HUCITEC. 1996.
SANTOS, M. Por otra globalización: del pensamiento único a la conciencia universal. Bogotá: Convenio Andrés Bello. 2004.
THAM, A. Sand, surgery and stakeholders: a multi-stakeholder involvement model of domestic medical tourism for Australia’s Sunshine Coast. Tourism Management Perspectives 25 (208), 29-40. 2018.
TIMOTHY, D. Tourism and political boundaries. London: Routledge. 2001.
VIJAYA, R. Medical tourism: revenue generation or international transfer of healthcare problems? Journal of Economic Issues 44 (1), 53-70. 2010.
WILSON, C. & LEE, E. Informe del estado de la frontera. Un análisis integral de la frontera México – Estados Unidos. México: UNAM. 2014.
ADAMS, K.; SNYDER, J.; CROOKS, V. A critical examination of empowerment discourse in medical tourism: the case of the dental tourism in Los Algodones, Mexico. Globalization and Health 14 (70), 1-10. 2018.
ADAMS, K.; SNYDER, J.; CROOKS, V. Narratives of a ‘dental oasis’: examining media portrayals of dental tourism in the border town of Los Algodones, Mexico. Journal of Borderlands Studies 34 (3), 325-341. 2019.
ALEGRÍA, T. La ciudad y los procesos transfronterizos entre México y Estados Unidos. Frontera Norte 1 (2), p. 53-90. 1989.
ALVARADO-SIZZO, I. Territorial dynamics of cultural tourism in Izamal, Yucatán, México. GeoJournal 81 (5), 751-770. 2015.
BARDIN, L. (1986). El análisis de contenido. Madrid: Akal.
BARROS, P. Health systems and medical tourism. In Handbook on Medical Tourism and Patient Mobility. Chettenham: Edward Elgar, 2015, p. 71-81.
BÉLAND, D. & ZARZECNY, A. Medical tourism and national health care systems: an institutionalist research agenda. Globalization and health, 14 (1), 68. 2018.
BRINGAS, N. Un acercamiento al turismo fronterizo y los obstáculos para su consolidación. Ponencia en el VI Congreso Nacional de Investigación Turística (CESTUR). 2004.
CETYS (2013). Derrama Económica del Turismo Médico en Mexicali. Mexicali: CETYS Universidad.
CHANDU, A. Dental tourism. En: Lunt, N.; D. Horsfall y J. Hanefeld, (ed). Handbook on medical tourism and patient mobility. Chettenham: Edward Elgar, 2015, pp. 403-410.
CHEE, H.; WHITTAKER, A. & POR, H. Medical travel facilitators, private hospitals and international medical travel in assemblage. Asia Pacific Viewpoint 58 (2), 242-254. 2017.
COHEN, I. Patients with passports: medical tourism, law and ethics. Estados Unidos: OUP. 2014.
COHEN, J. Politics and economic policy in the United States. Estados Unidos: Houghton Mifflin. 2000.
CONNELL, J. A new inequality? Privatisation, urban bias, migration and medical tourism. Asia Pacific Viewpoint 52 (3), 260-271. 2011a.
CONNELL, J. Medical Tourism. United Kingdom: CAB International. 2011b.
CORTEZ, N. Patients without borders: the emerging global market for patients and the evolution of modern health care. Indiana Law Journal 83 (1), p. 71-132. 2008.
DALSTROM, M. Winter Texans and the re-creation of the American experience in Mexico. Medical Anthropology 31 (2), 162-177. 2012.
EISSLER, L. A. The lived experience of seeking healthcare through medical tourism: an interpretative phenomenological study of Alaskan patients traveling internationally for medical dental care. Mánoa: UMI dissertation publishing. 2011.
EUROPA PRESS. Los países de la UE no cumplen con el ratio de dentista por habitante: ¿cuál es la situación actual del sector? Infosalus, 19 de agosto de 2018. Recuperado de https://www.infosalus.com/asistencia/noticia-paises-ue-no-cumplen-ratio-dentista-habitante-cual-situacion-actual-sector-20180919110903.html. (23/04/2020). 2018.
GOBIERNO DE BAJA CALIFORNIA. Nuestro Estado. Recuperado el 2 de diciembre de 2018, de http://www.bajacalifornia.gob.mx/portal/nuestro_estado/historia/transformacion.jsp. (13/04/2019). 2015.
HALL, M. The ethics regulation and marketing of health mobility. Oxon: Routledge. 2013.
HANEFELD, J.; SMITH, R. Globalization and trade in health services. In Handbook on Medical Tourism and Patient Mobility. Chettenham: Edward Elgar, 2015, p. 37-44.
HARVEY, D. La condición de la posmodernidad. Madrid: Akal. 1990.
JUDD, D. Constructing the tourist bubble. En: Judd, D. y S. Fainstein (ed.). The tourist city. Yale University Press. 1999.
JUDKINS, G. Persistence of the U.S. - Mexico border: expansion of medical tourism amid trade liberalization. Journal of Latin American Geography 6 (2), 11-33. 2007.
KASPAR, H. & REDDY, S. Spaces of connectivity: the formation of medical travel destinations in Delhi National Capital Region (India). Asia Pacific Viewpoint 58 (2), 228-241. 2017
LAESSER, C. Health travel motivation and activities: insights from a mature market – Switzerland. Tourism Review 66 (1-2), 83-89. 2011.
LA VOZ DE LA FRONTERA. Algodones, un poblado en el “mapa mundial”. Periódico local, 10 de agosto de 2019. Recuperado de https://www.lavozdelafrontera.com.mx/local/algodones-un-poblado-en-el-mapa-mundial-4017917.html/amp. (16/08/2019). 2019.
LÓPEZ-LÓPEZ, Á.; CUKIER, J., & SÁNCHEZ-CRISPÍN, Á. Segregation of tourist space in Los Cabos, Mexico. Tourism Geographies, 8 (4), 359-379. 2006.
LUNT, N.; GREEN, S.; MANNION, R.; HORSFALL, D. (2013). Quality, safety and risk in medical tourism. In: HALL, M. Medical Tourism. The ethics regulation and marketing of health mobility. Oxon: Routledge, pp. 31-46. 2013.
MERCHAND-ROJAS, M.A. Convergencia entre teorías que explican por qué hay territorios ganadores y otros perdedores. Análisis económico 49 (22), 195-222. 2017.
MORONE, J. Introduction. En: Morone, J., T. Litman, T. y L. Robins (ed.). Health politics and policy. Estados Unidos: Delmar, pp. 1-22. 2008.
Neuendorf, K. A. The Content Analysis Guidebook. 2° edición. Los Ángeles: SAGE. 2017.
OBERLE, A. & ARREOLA, D. Mexican Medical Border Towns: a case study of Algodones, Baja California. Journal of Borderland Studies 19 (2), p. 1-18. 2004.
OSTERLE, A.; BALÁZS, P. & DELGADO, J. Travelling for teeth: characteristics and perspectives of dental care tourism in Hungary. British Dental Journal, 206 (8), p. 425-428. 2009.
PERIÓDICO OFICIAL DE BAJA CALIFORNIA. Programa de Desarrollo Urbano del Centro de Población de Los Algodones, Baja California, 2020. Publicación del 19 de noviembre de 1999. (13/04/2019). 1999.
PIAZOLO, M. & ZANCA, N. Medical tourism –a case study for the USA and India, Germany and Hungary. Acta Polytechnica Hungarica 8 (1), 137-160. 2011.
POCOCK, N.; PHUA, KH. Medical tourism and policy implications for health systems. Globalization and health, 7 (12), 1-12. 2011.
PROMÉXICO. Diagnóstico sectorial: turismo de salud. México: Secretaría de Economía. 2016.
RAMÍREZ, J. C. Border of words/border of images: Tijuana and Los Algodones. Delaware Review of Latin American Studies 6 (1). Recuperado el 18 de noviembre de 2018, de http://udspace.udel.edu/bitstream/handle/19716/19551/Vol6-1RamirezPimienta.pdf?sequence=1. (13/04/2019). 2005.
RAMÍREZ DE ARELLANO, A. Medical tourism in the Caribbean. Signs: Journal of women in culture and society 36 (2), 289-297. 2011.
REISMAN, D. The economics of health and medical tourism. En: Lunt, N., D. Horsfall y J. Hanefeld (ed). Handbook on medical tourism and patient mobility. Chettenham: Edward Elgar, pp. 82-91. 2015.
RUGGERI, K., IVANOVIC, N., RAZUM, J., KÁCHA, O., MENEZES, I., ZAFARI, Z., & GARCÍA-GARZÓN, E. An evidence-based policy for improving choice in global health access through medical travel. Health Policy 122 (12), 1372-1376. 2018.
ROJAS, M. & COURTADE, E. Paso de los Algodones (21 de septiembre de 1858). México: Gobierno del Estado de Baja California y XIX Ayuntamiento de Mexicali. 2010.
SANTOS, M. A Natureza do Espaço. Técnica e tempo – razão e emoção. São Paulo: HUCITEC. 1996.
SANTOS, M. Por otra globalización: del pensamiento único a la conciencia universal. Bogotá: Convenio Andrés Bello. 2004.
THAM, A. Sand, surgery and stakeholders: a multi-stakeholder involvement model of domestic medical tourism for Australia’s Sunshine Coast. Tourism Management Perspectives 25 (208), 29-40. 2018.
TIMOTHY, D. Tourism and political boundaries. London: Routledge. 2001.
VIJAYA, R. Medical tourism: revenue generation or international transfer of healthcare problems? Journal of Economic Issues 44 (1), 53-70. 2010.
WILSON, C. & LEE, E. Informe del estado de la frontera. Un análisis integral de la frontera México – Estados Unidos. México: UNAM. 2014.
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2020-07-21
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RODRÍGUEZ-BLANCO, A. D. Fluidez territorial como articuladora del turismo con motivos odontológicos en Molar City (Los Algodones, México). Geopauta, [S. l.], v. 4, n. 2, p. 189-207, 2020. DOI: 10.22481/rg.v4i2.6982. Disponível em: https://periodicos2.uesb.br/index.php/geo/article/view/6982. Acesso em: 23 nov. 2024.
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