Notas sobre patriarcado, gênero e cidade na Suméria, IV a II milênios A.E.C.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22481/sertanias.v5i1.13346Palavras-chave:
Patriarcado, Gênero, Cidade, Suméria, InannaResumo
Este artigo tem por objetivo avaliar a relação entre gênero, patriarcado e a cidade na Suméria entre os IV e II milênios A.E.C., já que o conhecimento sobre o passado ilumina as questões teóricas do presente. A metodologia consiste na revisão da literatura acerca dessas temáticas, fundamentalmente em língua inglesa, uma vez que essa discussão teórica ainda é pouco abordada em nosso país. Filiamo-nos à concepção de patriarcado como um mecanismo de reprodução social. Seu surgimento entre 3100 A.E.C. e 600 A.E.C é uma ruptura com os padrões até então existentes de relações sociais e está associado ao surgimento do Estado no início do IV milênio A.E.C e da cidade na Suméria do período Uruk, entre 4.000 e 3.100 A.E.C., o que caracteriza uma fase de transformações profundas, juntamente com a forte hierarquia social e a escrita. Cabe lembrar que havia quatro gêneros na Mesopotâmia: sem gênero, mulher, homem e homem castrado. É interessante perceber que as funções cúlticas de Inanna, deusa de Uruk, demandavam a participação de gêneros ou orientações sexuais outras – nos primórdios do patriarcado já havia diversidade de gênero. Devemos enfatizar que a mesma lógica ocorrida com o gênero, por meio da primazia do homem, ocorreu com a cidade – esta foi – e tem sido – a norma, o padrão, em detrimento de outras práticas espaciais, como o nomadismo e agricultura.
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